توضیح 1
Sampling error: natural variation from sample to sample.
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درس 9 از 12
Separate sample-size precision from nonresponse, selection, coverage, response, measurement, interviewer, and sampling errors.
Theory
Sample size affects variability and precision, but bias can remain even in a large data set. Nonresponse bias, selection bias, coverage error, response error, measurement error, interviewer error, and ordinary sampling error describe different ways a data collection plan can go wrong.
توضیح 1
Sampling error: natural variation from sample to sample.
توضیح 2
Coverage error: the frame misses part of the target population.
توضیح 3
Response error: answers differ from the truth or intended meaning.
فعالیت تعاملی
A survey is sent to 2,000 learners, but only the most active 80 reply.
A college survey excludes part-time online students from the email list.
A question asks, 'How excellent was the new platform?'
Study hours are recorded in minutes for some learners and hours for others.
Diagnoses matched: 0/4
ارتباط با R
Simulate repeated sample means and compare them with the known synthetic population mean.
Live R Lab
Use repeated samples to show how sample means vary around a population mean.
Ready to run
Bias versus sampling error
Sampling error is expected random variation. Bias is systematic distortion from design, measurement, coverage, or response patterns.
دستیار
Give me diagnostic questions to identify nonresponse, selection, coverage, response, measurement, interviewer, and sampling error.
ارزیابی پایانی