Binomial Probability Translation Guide Exactly x: dbinom(x,n,p) At most x: pbinom(x,n,p) Fewer than x: pbinom(x-1,n,p) More than x: pbinom(x,n,p,lower.tail=FALSE) At least x: pbinom(x-1,n,p,lower.tail=FALSE) From a through b: pbinom(b,n,p)-pbinom(a-1,n,p) Original educational material created for STATLAB Academy. Textbooks may be used only as curriculum references.